Actinic Hyperkeratosis

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Actinic Hyperkeratosis by LP-CLINIC

Actinic hyperkeratosis is a very common skin lesion that is not a skin cancer. However, some of them can develop into skin cancer. Actinic hyperkeratosis, or solar hyperkeratosis, appears locally on the surface of the skin and has a crusty appearance, while it recurs and persists. It is rough to the touch (like sandpaper). It is a warning of the skin, which has lost its natural defense capabilities against UV rays and is a consequence of prolonged and repeated exposure to the sun.

 

Symptoms

Initially, they develop as small spots on the skin (1-2mm) that are more noticeable to the touch. Over time, they can grow and usually become raised, reddish and scaly. They are found in areas of long-term sun exposure such as the head (especially in bald people), face, arms, neck and chest. They have no particular symptoms, except for the sensation of itching or burning in the affected area. They usually appear in people with light-colored and photosensitive skin and in people over 40-50 years of age. Patients with immunosuppression are particularly susceptible, as the skin is unable to repair cellular damage.

Treatment

Actinic hyperkeratosis should be treated by a dermatologist, as there is a possibility that over time it may develop into skin cancer. Treatment options are evaluated by the Dermatologist and include cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen (achieves 98% cure rates), the use of topical medications, electrical cauterization, and surgery. A tissue sample may be examined for signs of cancer. Topical chemotherapy is useful for treating an entire clinical and subclinical area for groups of lesions. Chemical peeling may also be used, as it destroys unwanted skin cells.

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Frequently Asked Questions

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Can actinic hyperkeratosis develop into cancer?

Actinic hyperkeratosis is a precancerous lesion, which without appropriate treatment has a 6-10% chance of developing into cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) within 10 years. In rarer cases, it can also develop into basal cell carcinoma, the most common form of skin cancer.

How can we protect ourselves from actinic hyperkeratosis?

Limiting sun exposure, wearing a hat, long-sleeved shirts and of course appropriate sunscreen. Also, after 40, a preventive examination by a Dermatologist should be performed once a year.

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